Effect of different adhesive systems and post surface treatments on the push-out bond strengths of fiber-reinforced post / 대한치과보철학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the push-out bond strength of glass-fiber post cemented with different adhesive systems and surface treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 160 tooth samples made from 48 human maxillary single-rooted teeth with similar root length were divided into 4 groups according to the adhesive system (no adhesive, Adper Single Bond 2, Clearfil SE Bond, Clearfil S3). Each group had 4 subgroups according to the post surface treatment methods (no treatment, sandblast, silane, sandblast and silane). Posts (Parapost Fiber White) were cemented with Rely X Unicem. The teeth were sectioned perpendicular to their long axis into 1-mm thick sections. The push-out tests was performed at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. The results were evaluated by 2-way ANOVA, 1-way ANOVA and multiple comparison procedures (Tukey test) (α=0.05). RESULTS: Tukey test showed that the adhesive system significantly influenced the push-out strength. The Clearfil SE Bond group showed the highest value. Post surface treatments showed no significant effect. CONCLUSION: Bond strength of glass-fiber post cemented with self-adhesive resin cement using Clearfil SE Bond showed significantly higher values compared to other adhesive systems.

Osseointegration of zirconia implant in the tibia of pigs / 대한치과보철학회지

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to investigate osseointegration around zirconia implants which had machined or alumina sandblasted surface, and to compare the results with titanium implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed on the tibia of 6 pigs. Three types of implants were investigated: group T-titanium implant, group Z-machined zirconia implant, group ZS-alumina sandblasting treated zirconia implant. Zirconia implants were manufactured from yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Acucera Inc., Pocheon, Korea). A total of 36 implants were installed in pigs' tibias. After 1, 4 and 12 weeks of healing period, the periotest and the histomorphometric analysis were performed. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and significance was assessed by the Scheffe test (alpha=.05). RESULTS: In the measurement of surface roughness, highest Ra value was measured in group T with significant difference. No significant differences were found among groups regarding Periotest values. After 1 week, in comparison of bone to implant contact (BIC), group Z showed higher value with significant difference. In comparison of bone area (BA), group T and group Z showed higher value with significant difference than group ZS. After 4 weeks, in comparison of BIC, group T showed higher value with significant difference. Comparison of BA showed no significant difference among each implant. After 12 weeks, the highest mean BIC values were found in group T with significant difference. Group ZS showed higher BIC value with significant difference than group Z. In comparison of BA, group T and group ZS showed higher value with significant difference than group Z. CONCLUSION: Zirconia implant showed low levels of osseointegration in this experiment. Modification of surface structure should be taken into consideration in designing zirconia implants to improve the success rate.

Analysis of Influencing Factors to Depth of Epidural Space for Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Block in Korean

BACKGROUND: Transforaminal epidural steroid injection is one of the effective treatments in managing radicular pain. There have been some prospective studies on the depth to the epidural space with the transforaminal approach. However, there have been no studies about the depth in Asians, especially Koreans. This study was carried out in order to evaluate the depth to the epidural space and the oblique angle and factors that influence the depth to the epidural space during lumbar transforaminal epidural injection. METHODS: A total of 248 patients undergoing fluoroscopically guided transforaminal epidural steroid injections were evaluated. At the L3-4, L4-5, L5-S1, and S1 levels, we measured the oblique angle and depth to the epidural space. RESULTS: Needle depth was positively associated with body mass index (correlation coefficient 0.52, P = 0.004). The median depths (in centimeters) to the epidural space were 6.13 cm, 6.42 cm, and 7.13 cm for 50-60 kg, 60-70 kg, and 70-80 kg groups, respectively, at L5-S1. Age and height were not significantly associated with the needle depth. CONCLUSIONS: There is a positive association between the BMI (and weight) and transforaminal epidural depth but not with age, sex, and height.

Development of multifocal atrial tachycardia in a patient using aminophylline: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

An 82-year-old female, with left femoral neck fracture was scheduled for left hip hemiarthroplasty, under spinal anaesthesia. She had been suffering from diabetes, hypertension, lung cancer and was previously treated with IV aminophylline for respiratory insufficiency. She was given spinal anaesthesia with 10 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine, and T6 sensory block level was established. After 10 minutes, her blood pressure dropped to 80/60 mmHg, so intravenous ephedrine was given. At that moment, multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) appeared on electrocardiogram (ECG). Intravenous infusion of phenylephrine and procainamide was given and conversion of MAT to sinus rhythm was successfully achieved. We report a case of MAT after spinal anaesthesia, in a patient with respiratory insufficiency previously treated with IV aminophylline, which was successfully treated by intravenous infusion of phenylephrine and procainamide.

Hydrothorax due to extravasation of intravenous contrast through left subclavian catheter -A case report- / 대한마취과학회지

Central venous catheterization is associated with a large number of complications, such as pneumothorax, hydrothorax, hemothorax, phlebothrombosis, pericardial tamponade, air embolism, aberrant placement and line sepsis. There are many case reports of the extravasation of various central venous catheter fluids, including the intravenous fluids, total parenteral nutrition and chemotherapeutic agents into the pleural cavity and mediastinum. These have led to hydrothorax, hydromediastinum and pericardial effusions. We report a case of the extravasation of intravenous contrast into the pleural cavity after dynamic CT through a left subclavian catheter.

The reproducibility of various porcelain color selection systems using spectrophotometry / 대한치과보철학회지

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Shade selection has traditionally been accomplished by visual examination, which is particularly relevant to the shade selection of anterior teeth, but the subjective nature of visual analysis can lead to errors in shade matching. Recently shade selection systems have been developed to provide a more objective and scientific approach to understanding and clarifying shade selection. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was analysis of various shade analyzing equipment with the goal of providing a more objective shade selection. Materials and method: Visual shade matching system selection(Vita Lumin Vacuum shade guide, Vitapan 3D Master shade guide) and mechanical shade matching method(ShadeEye (R) -EX Chroma Meter, ShadeScan(TM) System) used for this study. The shade guide tap specimens for 10 extracted maxillary anterior teeth were produced by selecting shades using each shade matching system. The accuracy of the selection of shades for the teeth and fabricated specimens were evaluated by analyzing the calculated shade difference(delta E*), using a spectrophotometer and calculating the output of value L*, a*, b*. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results show that the average delta E* value (difference of shade) of the shade tap specimens to the actual specimen decreased in the following order: Vita Lumin Vacuum Shade Guide(VL), ShadeEye(R)-EX Chroma Meter(SE), Vitapan 3D Master Shade guide(V3), and ShadeScan(TM) System(SS); and that there are significant statistical differences between the VL and SS (p<0.05). In the analysis of the delta E* (difference of shade) value, 40% of the VL group was found to be less than 3.3 (limit value of shade tap specimens clinically acceptable), 60% in the V3 group, 50% in the SE group, and 80% in the SS group.